This book gets to the bottom of the twenty-first-century city, literally. Underground details public and private efforts to gentrify and expand Bucharest’s subterranean Metro stations, basements, and cellars—amidst surging inequality—to expand the opportunities to live, work, and play in an overcrowded city for its new middle classes.

Community Benefits explores how, and to what end, community residents leverage large-scale development projects for local benefits. Rosen shows that, without accountability, project advocates can neglect their community commitments, leaving the residents responsible for benefits delivery, but with few viable avenues to produce outcomes.